Tooth Decay: Stages, Complications, and Treatment

Tooth decay or cavities is common oral problem faced by children, young and old people. If you left it untreated it will lead to many oral issues such as tooth loss, infection and obviously unbearable pain.

Let’s discuss the various stages of tooth decay and possible treatment of cavities.

Stages of Tooth Decay

Initial Demineralization:

Plaque (sticky film of bacteria) is the start of tooth decay. When plaque meets to sugar present in the food and drinks then acid produces and starts harming tooth enamel. Although at this stage enamel seems to be ok but if you observe it deeply its damage has started.

Enamel Decay:

Demineralization remains untreated, and enamel decay has become visible. White small dots are appearing on the tooth then it’s the sign of weak enamel. And after some time these spots will change in brown and black color, signing the more enamel destruction.

Dentin Decay:

As enamel gets weaker at last it reaches to dentin, (a soft layer present  under the tooth) and making bacteria reachable. And here the patient faces sensitivity from hot, cold and sweet.

Pulp Involvement:

After the dentin bacteria reaches to pulp (innermost layer). When decay advances to pulp then damage to blood vessels nervous and connective tissue starts. At this stage swelling, infection, inflammation and tooth pain are symptoms of bacteria invade.

Complications of Untreated Tooth Decay:

Toothache and Sensitivity:

Unchecked tooth decay cause unbearable tooth pain after consumption of cold, hot and sweet food plus drinks. Individual also faces tooth sensitivity.

Dental Abscess:

Untreated decay turns into dental abscess or ulcer. Pus comes out from roots of tooth or nearing tissue. Tooth pain, fever and swelling are common symptoms. If you don’t take it serious and not  go for treatment ulcer can spread to surrounding areas of tooth.

Tooth Loss:

Untreated tooth decay for longer time demolishes the tooth structure and in result you will lose your  tooth.

Systemic Health Risks:

Now a days tooth decay is linked with many systemic issues for example diabetes, respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.

Treatment Options for Tooth Decay:

Fluoride Therapy:

At initial stage of the tooth decay, use of fluoride through various ways such as fluoride varnishes, gels or rinses, can strengthen the weak enamel and helps in stopping decay.

Dental Fillings:

Dental fills the decay with solid material by using common filling techniques to bring the tooth back to its shape and function. Porcelain, composite resin, amalgam is commonly used for filling the tooth decay.

Root Canal Therapy:

Damaged pulp is removed through surgery then canal root is cleaned properly, shaped and sealed to prevent reinfection. This therapy is necessary when there is huge damage to pulp or infection.

Dental Crowns:

Entire tooth above the gum line is covered with artificial crown to provide protection and strength to tooth.

Extraction:

Some times there is no solution but pulling out the tooth and after the treatment of infected area an in artificial tooth is planted through proper procedure adopted by dentist.

Timely and early diagnosis and treatment of tooth decay is very essential to avoid other complications. Tooth decay is progressive issue if you don’t treat it timely it will continuously progress. Regularly check ups, balanced diet, recommended toothpastes, brushing and flossing, and practicing good oral hygiene are key points to protect you from tooth decay.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Why do my teeth hurt but no cavities ?

There are many reasons of tooth hurt other than cavity. For example gums problem, sensitive tooth, sinus infection, teeth grinding and enamel erosion.

Why do my teeth rot so easily ?

There are combination of many reasons when the teeth rot so easily. Too much consumption of sugary foods and drinks, poor oral hygiene, mouth dryness, improper brushing and flossing, untreated plaque.

Why does fluoride help teeth and good for teeth ?

Fluoride is very helpful to provide strength to tooth enamel. When tooth enamel is strong it will give more resistant to bacteria attack, plaque buildup. Additionally fluoride promotes remineralization in tooth enamel. So toothpastes and mouthwashes which contains fluoride, which are very essential to provide you protection from tooth related problems.